One of the largest and fastest dragonflies in North America — and a long-distance migrant! Multi-generational migrations between northern US, Canada, and Mexico were only confirmed by isotope tracking in 2018.

Also called: Green Darner

Native status: Native; widespread

§ Quick facts

SizeLength 7–10 cm (2.8–3.9 in); wingspan 11 cm
Weight~1 g
LifespanAdults 6–8 weeks; nymph stage 2–3 years
OrderOdonata
FamilyAeshnidae

§ Encyclopedia

The green darner or common green darner, after its resemblance to a darning needle, is a species of dragonfly in the family Aeshnidae. One of the most common and abundant species throughout North America, it also ranges south to Panama. It is well known for its great migration distance from the northern United States south into Texas and Mexico. It also occurs in the Caribbean, Tahiti, and Asia from Japan to mainland China. It is the official insect for the state of Washington in the United States.

Source: Wikipedia — Green darner Licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0

§ Identification

Field marks. Massive dragonfly with bright green thorax and blue or red abdomen depending on sex/age.

Similar species. Other darner species (different patterns).

Voice. Silent (wing-buzz audible at very close range).

§ Diet & behavior

Diet. Adults: flying insects (mosquitoes, flies, butterflies). Nymphs: aquatic invertebrates, small fish.

Behavior. Among the longest-distance insect migrants in North America — multigenerational migration. Strong flier; territorial males patrol pond edges.

§ Range

Throughout North America; one of the few migratory dragonflies

§ Habitat

Ponds, lakes, slow rivers; meadows and fields when foraging

§ Threats

Wetland loss, pesticide-driven prey decline, light pollution disrupting migration cues.

§ Conservation status

According to the IUCN Red List, the common green darner is currently classified as Least Concern.

§ What helps

Build a backyard pond. Reduce pesticides. Turn off unnecessary outdoor lights, especially during fall migration.

Support our work More ways to help

§ Further reading

§ Sources cited

  • Migratory Dragonfly Partnership
  • Xerces Society
  • iNaturalist