One of the most extreme life-history strategies on Earth: nymphs spend exactly 17 years underground, then emerge as adults synchronously by the trillions for a few weeks of breeding before dying. Different "broods" emerge in different years.

Also called: 17-year Cicada, Magicicada Septendecim, Pharaoh Cicada

Native status: Native; widespread in eastern US

§ Quick facts

SizeBody length 25–35 mm (1.0–1.4 in)
Weight~1 g
LifespanAdults 4–6 weeks; nymphs 13–17 years underground
OrderHemiptera
FamilyCicadidae

§ Encyclopedia

Magicicada septendecim, sometimes called the Pharaoh cicada or the 17-year locust, is native to Canada and the United States and is the largest and most northern species of periodical cicada with a 17-year lifecycle.

Source: Wikipedia — Magicicada septendecim Licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0

§ Identification

Field marks. Black body with red eyes and amber wing veins. Among the most distinctive native insects.

Similar species. Other Magicicada species (different cycles — 13-year cousins). Annual cicadas (different families).

Voice. Loud buzzing calls reach 90+ dB. Chorus of millions audible miles away.

§ Diet & behavior

Diet. Tree root sap (nymphs); some adults may drink tree sap.

Behavior. 17-year periodical cicadas synchronize emergence en masse — millions per acre. Famous loud male calling.

§ Range

Eastern US from New England to Georgia

§ Habitat

Mature deciduous forests

§ Threats

Loss of mature forest, pesticide treatment of trees during emergence years, soil compaction over nymph chambers.

§ Conservation status

According to the IUCN Red List, the periodical cicada (17-year) is currently classified as Least Concern.

§ What helps

Tolerate cicadas during emergence years (2024, 2025, etc.). Don't treat with insecticide. Maintain mature forest cover.

Support our work More ways to help

§ Further reading

§ Sources cited

  • University of Connecticut Periodical Cicada Project
  • iNaturalist
  • BugGuide