A tiny non-venomous snake. Often mistaken for an earthworm.

Also called: Eastern Worm Snake

Native status: Native to eastern US

§ Quick facts

SizeLength 18–35 cm
Weight15–50 g
LifespanWild 5–10 years
OrderSquamata
FamilyColubridae

§ Encyclopedia

Carphophis amoenus, commonly known as the worm snake, is a species of nonvenomous colubrid snake endemic to the eastern United States. C. amoenus can be found east of the Mississippi, from southwest Massachusetts south to southern Alabama west to Louisiana and then north to Illinois. This species of snake protects a large range, and normally prefers a moist habitat in the rocky woodlands, under rotten wood of logs and stumps. Though this snake is quite abundant over its range, it is rarely seen because of its dormant lifestyle and where it usually resides. This snake is most common on the edges or in the ecotonal areas of open to thick woodlands, and the borders of wetlands. It may also be found in the grasslands next to woodlands. The best chance to spot it is after heavy rains, when its small size and distinct color make it easy to spot. This species prefers moist soil inhabited by earthworms, which are its main prey, so the soil needs to be sufficiently moist. The snake's skin naturally evaporates water; so the soil needs to be moist enough to offset this. C. amoenus is mostly found under rocks and in sufficient leaf litter during the extreme daytime heat. Peak activity falls between 15:00 to 18:00.

Source: Wikipedia — Carphophis amoenus Licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0

§ Identification

Field marks. Small slender brown to pinkish snake; smooth shiny scales; pointed head.

Similar species. Ringneck Snake (yellow ring). Earth Snakes (different head).

Voice. N/A.

§ Diet & behavior

Diet. Small invertebrates: earthworms, slugs, small insects.

Behavior. Small secretive snake of eastern forests. Almost entirely fossorial — spends most of life under rocks, logs, and in soft soil.

§ Range

Eastern North America

§ Habitat

Forests, gardens, under rocks

§ Threats

Habitat loss.

§ Conservation status

According to the IUCN Red List, the worm snake is currently classified as Least Concern.

§ What helps

Don't kill snakes.

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§ Further reading

§ Sources cited

  • Davidson College Department of Biology
  • IUCN Red List 2007