A long thin black non-venomous snake. Among the fastest snakes in North America. Active predator; pursues prey at high speed.

Also called: Northern Black Racer, Eastern Racer

Native status: Native to eastern and central US

§ Quick facts

SizeLength 90–180 cm (35–71 in); maximum 195 cm
Weight200–700 g
LifespanWild typically 5–10 years; captive 17
OrderSquamata
FamilyColubridae

§ Encyclopedia

The southern black racer is one of the more common subspecies of the nonvenomous Coluber constrictor snake species of the Southeastern United States. The subspecific name priapus refers to the proximal spines of the hemipenes being much enlarged into basal hooks, which is characteristic of this subspecies. These snakes are quite active during the day, which increases the chance of sightings. They eat almost any animal they can overpower, including rodents, frogs, toads, and lizards. Members of this species generally do not tolerate handling – even after months in captivity – and typically strike and flail wildly every time they are handled, often defecating a foul-smelling musk, a common defense against predators in snakes. Adults of the species are usually thin with a jet-black dorsal side with a grey belly and white chin. They are quite fast, giving them the name "racer".

Source: Wikipedia — Southern black racer Licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0

§ Identification

Field marks. Slender uniform-glossy-black snake with smooth scales; white chin and throat; dark belly. Juveniles strikingly different — pale gray with dark blotches.

Similar species. Black Pine Snake (heavier, blotched). Black Rat Snake (white throat; climbs trees). Black Kingsnake (different head shape).

Voice. Hisses defensively; vibrates tail rapidly when alarmed.

§ Diet & behavior

Diet. Rodents, small birds, eggs, frogs, small snakes, lizards, large insects. Active diurnal hunter.

Behavior. Among the fastest North American snakes — can sprint over 6 km/h for short distances. Despite the species name "constrictor," does NOT constrict prey; instead pins prey to the ground with body coils and swallows alive. Highly territorial and aggressive when cornered; readily bites. Often raises head 30+ cm off the ground while moving (vs. other snakes that crawl flat) to scan for prey.

§ Range

Eastern US

§ Habitat

Diverse: fields, forests, suburbs

§ Threats

Habitat loss, persecution, road mortality.

§ Conservation status

According to the IUCN Red List, the black racer is currently classified as Least Concern.

§ What helps

Don't kill non-venomous snakes. Maintain habitat diversity.

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§ Further reading

§ Sources cited

  • Davidson College Department of Biology
  • Virginia Herpetological Society
  • iNaturalist
  • IUCN Red List 2007